DOI: njcpt.com.ng/101.1.2.14
Corresponding Author: BELLO Shakirat I.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Email: sibello10@yahoo.com
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health burden, threatening patients' physical and mental health.
Objective: The study's objective was to evaluate the incidence and determinants of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)
among patients on anti-TB medications attending primary and secondary healthcare facilities in Ilorin, Kwara
State.
Methods: From November 2021 to January 2022, a cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective survey using
questionnaires and oral interviews was conducted among 178 TB patients attending General Hospital (GHI), and
Olufadi Health Centre (OHCI) in Ilorin metropolitan were enrolled. Out of the 178 patients enrolled, 91 patients
with ADEs were interviewed. Convenience sampling was used to enrol patients. Participation in the study was
voluntary. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed for the data collected.
Results: Two hundred and seventeen of ADEs to anti-tubercular medications were encountered among 70 patients
in GHI, giving an incidence rate of 53.4%. In OHCI, ninety-six (44.7%) ADEs were recorded. In GHI, the most
frequently involved organs/systems were the gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary/renal system and central and
peripheral nervous system. In OHCI, mostly affected organ/system is the central and peripheral nervous system.
In both facilities, the majority of the patients reported ADEs experienced to the doctors. An appreciable number
of the patients attending GHI and OHCI experienced moderate adverse effects. The majority of the patients in
GH1 had proficient knowledge of ADEs, while most of the patients in OHCI had deprived knowledge of ADEs.
The most frequently reported ADEs were nausea, vomiting, skin rash, increased thirst and urination.
Conclusion: In the settings of this study, the incidence rates of ADEs found among the patients undergoing antitubercular therapy were high. The major risk factors associated with the ADEs were age and male in both facilities.
Keywords: Adverse drug events; incidence rate; determinants; anti-TB medications; patients’ knowledge.